Introduction to Chapter 11 Bankruptcy

The Bankruptcy Code is a collection of federal laws that apply in bankruptcy cases or proceedings. The Code is made up of various "Chapters" that each apply to a different type of debtor or bankruptcy. One purpose of Chapter 11 is to "rehabilitate" or "reorganize" a business so that it can continue without folding or closing.

Chapter 13 Hardship Discharge

Although a chapter 13 debtor generally receives a discharge only after completing all payments required by the court-approved repayment plan, there are some limited circumstances under which the debtor may request the court to grant a "hardship discharge." After confirmation of a plan, there are limited circumstances under which the debtor may request the court to grant a hardship discharge even though the debtor has failed to complete plan payments.

Compensation for Professionals

The Bankruptcy Code provides the statutory authority for compensating the services and reimbursing the expenses of officers of the estate. These claims are afforded first priority in the distribution of an estate. The Bankruptcy Code prescribes the standards according to which the amount of compensation is to be determined.

Voluntary and Involuntary Bankruptcy

A voluntary case is commenced by filing a petition with the bankruptcy court. The commencement of a voluntary case constitutes an order for relief under the relevant chapter. An involuntary case is commenced by filing a petition with the bankruptcy court under Chapter 7 or 11.

Administrative Claims

Administrative expense claims in bankruptcy cases are entitled to first priority ahead of all other general unsecured claims and, therefore, they are paid in full before all other unsecured claims to the extent there are available unencumbered funds in the debtor's bankruptcy estate. Administrative expense claims are given first priority status in bankruptcy to induce parties to do business with the debtor's bankruptcy estate.